Loxapine Pharmacology

Loxapine is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with dopamine D2 receptor antagonism as its primary mechanism, though it also has affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, making its pharmacology somewhat atypical.

Loxapine is available in multiple formulations, including oral capsules and an inhalation powder, the latter approved specifically for acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Sedation and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism, are common adverse effects due to its potent dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway.

Orthostatic hypotension can occur with loxapine due to its alpha-1 adrenergic blockade, requiring monitoring in elderly patients or those on antihypertensives.

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Promethazine (Phenergan) Pharmacology Podcast

In this promethazine pharmacology podcast, I discuss its mechanisms of action, side effects, important drug interactions, and much more.

Promethazine has anticholinergic and dopamine-blocking activity which contributes to the adverse effect profile as well as its efficacy.

There is a boxed warning with promethazine to avoid the use of this medication in patients under the age of 2 due to respiratory depression.

Promethazine IV is considered a high-risk route of administration and should be avoided if possible.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources!

NAPLEX Study Materials

BCPS Study Materials

BCACP Study Materials

BCGP Study Materials

BCMTMS Study Materials

Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated)

Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller)

Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101