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Rivastigmine Pharmacology

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Rivastigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the management of certain dementias. I discuss rivastigmine pharmacology on this episode.

Weight loss is a potential adverse effect of rivastigmine. It is important to monitor weights.

Anticholinergic medications such as diphenhydramine can blunt the effects of rivastigmine.

Rarely, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like rivastigmine can cause bradycardia.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Caffeine Pharmacology

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Caffeine is a commonly used supplement and is found in many food and beverages. I discuss caffeine pharmacology, adverse effects, and drug interactions.

Caffeine can inhibit CYP1A2 and also be affected by CYP1A2 inhibitors. I discuss some examples in the podcast.

It is critical to inquire about caffeine intake when patients are reporting insomnia.

Caffeine has been associated with increases in pulse and blood pressure. Be sure to ask about caffeine intake when assessing these vital signs.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Colestipol Pharmacology

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Colestipol is a bile acid sequestrant that can be used in the management of hyperlipidemia.

By binding bile acid in the gut, colestipol can lower LDL that is bound to bile acid by eliminating it through the feces.

Numerous drug interactions existed as colestipol can bind many drugs. This is a downside to its use and why it isn’t a preferred hyperlipidemia agent.

In patients with elevated triglycerides, colestipol should be avoided.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

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Metolazone Pharmacology

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Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) is a thiazide-like diuretic. It promotes the loss of water and sodium through the kidney.

The most common indication I see metolazone used for is for additional fluid loss in heart failure.

Potassium must be monitored as it can cause significant hypokalemia which is exacerbated when metolazone is used in combination with loop diuretics.

Hyperuricemia is a potential adverse effect with metolazone; this is critical to monitor for in patients at risk for gout attacks.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Ibandronate Pharmacology

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Ibandronate is a bisphosphonate that can be used in the management of osteoporosis.

Bisphosphonates like ibandronate require a full glass of water for oral administration.

Patients should remain upright for at least 30-60 minutes following taking ibandronate to help reduce the risk of esophagitis.

Osteonecrosis has rarely been associated with bisphosphonates like ibandronate – I’ve discussed a couple of risk factors that may place a patient at higher risk.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

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Fluticasone, Umeclidinium, and Vilanterol Pharmacology

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Fluticasone, Umeclidinium, and Vilanterol is a combination medication used in the setting of COPD. I discuss the pharmacology of this agent further in this episode.

Fluticasone is the inhaled corticosteroid portion of the drug while umeclidinium is a LAMA and vilanterol is a LABA medication.

Drug interactions aren’t incredibly common or strongly clinically significant, but I discuss some of them with Trelegy Ellipta.

Having a once-daily dose can be advantageous to help improve patient adherence. Fluticasone, umeclidinium, and vilanterol comes as a once-daily combination.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Hyoscyamine Pharmacology

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Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic medication that is primarily used for GI problems like spasms and pain associated with IBS.

Because of the highly anticholinergic nature of hyoscyamine, it can cause dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation.

Be aware of the risk for the prescribing cascade with hyoscyamine. Saliva substitutes for dry mouth, artificial tears for dry eyes, etc.

Sedation is a concern with hyoscyamine and this can be exacerbated by drugs like benzodiazepines, opioids, and older antihistamines.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Calcium Acetate Pharmacology

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Calcium Acetate (PhosLo) is used in the management of hyperphosphatemia associated with CKD.

Important monitoring parameters for calcium acetate include phosphorus, calcium, PTH, and renal function.

There are numerous binding interactions with calcium acetate. It can reduce concentrations of some HIV drugs, antibiotics, and thyroid supplements. I discuss more examples in the podcast.

Thiazide diuretic in combination with calcium acetate may increase the risk for hypercalcemia.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Nortriptyline Pharmacology

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Nortriptyline is a TCA that can be used for depression and various pain syndromes. I discuss other less common diagnoses in this podcast episode as well.

There are a lot of drug interactions with nortriptyline. It is metabolized by CYP2D6, can have additive anticholinergic effects and has been associated with QTc prolongation.

Nortriptyline is very anticholinergic and can blunt the effects of dementia medications.

Dry mouth, dry eyes, sedation, urinary retention, and constipation are a few of the more common adverse effects of nortriptyline.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

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Hydroxychloroquine Pharmacology

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Hydroxychloroquine is classified as a DMARD and when used chronically, can be helpful in managing rheumatoid arthritis and Lupus.

There have been reports of QTc prolongation with hydroxychloroquine. While not incredibly common, it is important to remember this consideration in patients at risk for QTc prolongation.

Hydroxychloroquine is associated with causing retinopathy. Routine eye exams for monitoring purposes are critical.

Rarely, hydroxychloroquine can be associated with blood disorders like neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. In addition, alterations in liver function have been reported.

I also discuss drug interactions on the podcast, be sure to check out my latest project which is a 200+ page book on managing drug interactions in primary care.

Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!